Nursing Knowledge and Practices in the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2014–2024)

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a critical public health concern, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, particularly among clinically vulnerable populations. To analyze the knowledge and practices of nursing staff in the prevention of HAIs, assessing their adherence to evidence-based interventions during hospital care. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar, including publications in English and Spanish. Descriptors related to nursing practices, infection prevention, and infection control were used. Studies published between 2014 and 2024, open access, and full-text, that addressed nursing knowledge and practices in HAI prevention were included. From 37 studies identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence shows that nursing staff play a decisive role in preventing HAIs; however, knowledge gaps and variability in the implementation of preventive measures persist. Hand hygiene was the most emphasized intervention, though adherence varied depending on context, available resources, and professional training. Nursing constitutes a key pillar for patient safety and HAI prevention. Continuous knowledge updating, systematic training, and reinforcement of evidence based practices are essential to reduce the incidence of HAIs and ensure safe and high quality hospital care.